Common quality control and inspection terms, in plain language.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| AQL (Acceptable Quality Limit) | The worst average defect level you are willing to accept in a lot. A lower AQL is stricter. |
| Lot (batch) | The total quantity being inspected, such as one PO or one style. |
| Sample size | The number of pieces inspected from the lot, set by lot size and inspection level. |
| Inspection level | General I, II, III (visual checks) or special S1 to S4 (measurements and tests). It changes the sample size. |
| Critical defect | A defect that is unsafe or illegal for the user. Usually AQL 0, no tolerance. |
| Major defect | A defect that makes the product unusable or likely to be returned. Common AQL 2.5. |
| Minor defect | A small deviation that does not affect use. Common AQL 4.0. |
| Acceptance number (Ac) | Maximum defects allowed in the sample for the lot to pass. |
| Rejection number (Re) | The number of defects at which the lot fails. |
| Normal inspection | The standard plan used when quality is average. |
| Tightened inspection | A stricter plan used after repeated failures. |
| Reduced inspection | A lighter plan allowed after consistent good results. |
| Sample size code letter | The letter (A to R) linking lot size and level to a sample size. |
| Random sampling | Picking pieces and cartons without bias so the sample represents the lot. |
| Defective unit | A piece with one or more defects. |
| Pre-shipment inspection (PSI) | Final random inspection when goods are packed and ready to ship. |
| DUPRO / inline inspection | Inspection while production is running. |
| Golden sample | The approved sample that production must match. |
| Tech pack | The document with the product specifications, measurements and materials. |
| Packing list | The list of styles, colours, sizes, quantities and cartons in a shipment. |
| Tolerance | The allowed difference from a specified measurement. |
| Shade variation | A visible colour difference between pieces or panels. |
| Corrective action (CAPA) | Steps the factory takes to fix a defect and stop it recurring. |
| Points per 100 sq yd | The result of 4 point fabric inspection used to grade fabric rolls. |